Tumor markers involved in invasion of pancreatic cancer

Abstract

Pancreatic cancer is still one of the most lethal malignancies across the world, and hence exploring new biomarkers related to the progression and invasive nature of this cancer is important to overcome its resistance to various types of treatments through the design of new therapeutic strategies. Several markers have been shown to play a role in pancreatic cancer invasion, but CA19-9, CA125, and noncoding RNAs, including microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and circular RNAs, are the most common ones. In the current review, the role of these markers in pancreatic cancer progression, invasion, and metastasis, as well as related mechanisms, has been provided, and their potential to be utilized in pancreatic cancer diagnosis and treatment has been discussed.