Tehran University of Medical Sciences Immunology and Genetics Journal 2645-4831 5 1 2022 03 22 56 61 Maryam Sadr Molecular Immunology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Samira esmaeili Buali hospital,Mazandaran University of medical science,sari.Iran Somayeh Amirzargar Molecular Immunology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Arezoo rezaei Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Bahareh mohebbi Molecular Immunology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran mina abrari Molecular Immunology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Parivash Afradiasbagharani Department of Urology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA Nima Rezaei Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ali akbar Amirzargar Molecular Immunology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2022 03 09 2022 08 24 Background: Graves’ disease(GD) is an autoimmune disease that is associated with increased thyroid gland irritation and, consequently, hyperthyroidism. Autoimmune diseases are common in general population which is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. PTPN22 that was reported as a susceptible locus for GD in several populations, acts as a negative regulator for activation of primary T-cells, and LYP polymorphism could potentially increase susceptibility to Graves' disease which may play a role in other autoimmune conditions as well. In this study we investigated the association of several PTPN22 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with Graves patients. Methods: After DNA extraction from peripheral blood cells, SNP Genotyping was performed through real-time PCR with allelic discrimination TaqMan genotyping assays (ABI Applied Biosystems, 7300 Real-Time PCR System, USA) based on manufacturer protocols. The frequencies of alleles and genotypes of PTPN22 SNPs (rs12760457, rs2476601, rs1310182 and rs1217414) were recorded. Results: In our study, the rs1310182 was found to be significantly more frequent in patients with GD compared to healthy individuals. While the C allele of rs1310182 was 1.78 times more frequent in GD patients (95%CI: 1.18-2.69, P=0.005), the T allele was more frequent in healthy subjects (OR=0.56, 95% CI: 0.37-0.84, P=0.005). In addition, the CC genotype of this SNP was 1.86 times more common in patients (P=0.05).  No significant differences were observed between the other SNPs of this gene in case and control. Conclusion: The results demonstrate that one SNP (rs1310182) of the PTPN22 gene is associated with susceptibility to GD in an Iranian population. Further studies including functional analyses are required. https://igj.tums.ac.ir/index.php/igj/article/view/97 https://igj.tums.ac.ir/index.php/igj/article/download/97/94