Tehran University of Medical Sciences Immunology and Genetics Journal 2645-4831 8 2 2025 03 04 150 188 Mahdi Rafiyan Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran Hanieh Mojtahedi Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; Molecular Immunology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2025 02 25 2025 03 04 Neuroinflammation is a critical process in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) development in which different types of cells and cytokines are involved. Proinflammatory cytokine production and the disturbance of anti-inflammatory pathways play critical roles in AD. Neuroinflammation is affected by various factors such as metabolism (metabolic diseases such as obesity), genetics, and immune cells, especially resident immune cells in the brain. Moreover, the main pro-inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory pathways have different effects on neuroinflammation, neuronal biogenesis, and neuronal apoptosis in AD. Exploration of the relationship between neuroinflammation, risk factors of neuroinflammation, and pro-inflammatory cytokines in AD helps us to understand AD pathogenesis and select therapeutic targets more efficiently. https://igj.tums.ac.ir/index.php/igj/article/view/198 https://igj.tums.ac.ir/index.php/igj/article/download/198/175