Tehran University of Medical Sciences Immunology and Genetics Journal 2645-4831 8 0 2025 02 24 95 99 Elham Rayzan Research Center for Immunodeficiencies (RCID), Children's Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; International Hematology/Oncology of Pediatrics Experts (IHOPE), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran Saeed Farajzadeh Valilou Medical Genetics Network (Megene), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran Sara Hemmati Molecular Medicine Interest Group (MMIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Amin Sadeghi Molecular Medicine Interest Group (MMIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hamid Farajifard Immunology and Microbiology Department, School of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran Sepideh Shahkarami Research Center for Immunodeficiencies (RCID), Children's Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Medical Genetics Network (Megene), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran Nima Rezaei Research Center for Immunodeficiencies (RCID), Children's Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran 2025 02 24 2025 02 24 Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common pediatric malignancy and the leading cause of childhood death in contrast to the 90% cure rate. ALL includes different subtypes described by interrupt collections of somatic chromosomal alterations and sequence mutations that disrupt normal body functions such as lymphoid maturation, cell-cycle regulation, and tumor suppression. Having a significant role in several cancers, the high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) gene is considered an important gene in the development of tumors. Methods: Herein, the genetic role of HMGB1 was studied in the 49 Iranian patients with newly diagnosed ALL using Sanger sequencing of HMGB1 coding regions (exons 2 to 5). Results: The results showed that none of the subjects in the study had any promising variants in the coding sequences of the HMGB1. Conclusion: These findings suggest that HMGB1 is not directly associated with ALL incidence and behavior. Further investigations using a large group of patients with different races and ethnicities are required to analyze the possible role of HMGB1 gene polymorphisms in ALL patients. https://igj.tums.ac.ir/index.php/igj/article/view/194 https://igj.tums.ac.ir/index.php/igj/article/download/194/171