Tehran University of Medical Sciences Immunology and Genetics Journal 2645-4831 5 4 2022 12 22 154 158 Farnaz Marmarchi Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Masoumeh Hemmatyar Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Nasim Abachi Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Seyed Karen Hashemitari Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran Sepideh Darougar Department of Pediatrics, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 2023 06 06 2024 07 12 Background: Genetic susceptibility and environmental factors play crucial roles in the development of childhood asthma. It seems that asthma pathology initiates in utero. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between various perinatal exposures and events, and the later development of childhood asthma. Method: A total of ninety children, 45 with childhood asthma and with 45 healthy controls, referred to the Allergy Clinic of Azad University Hospitals between January 2020 and January 2021 were enrolled in the study. All caregivers or parents of these children were interviewed to collect sufficient data concerning the patients’ asthma history. Results: Gestational age, gender, low birth weight, delivery mode, maternal pre-eclampsia, maternal smoking during pregnancy, smoking exposure during the neonatal period, antibiotic prescription in the neonatal period, acetaminophen use in the neonatal period, assisted ventilation and oxygen therapy, neonatal icterus, neonatal respiratory infection, chronic pulmonary disease of prematurity, meconium aspiration, birth order as the first-born child and parental history of allergy were assessed. Among these, the use of antibiotics, oxygen therapy, respiratory infections during the neonatal period, meconium aspiration during labor, and history of allergy in first-grade relatives were the most predictable separate factors, demonstrating the key role of the perinatal period in the development of childhood asthma. Conclusion: To conclude, although previous studies mostly suggested the causal effects of modifiable behaviors or exposures on the development of childhood asthma, the risk factors in the present study were mostly genetic influences, postnatal infections or obstetrics events or their management, which were inevitable in the process of labor. https://igj.tums.ac.ir/index.php/igj/article/view/132 https://igj.tums.ac.ir/index.php/igj/article/download/132/111