Tehran University of Medical Sciences Immunology and Genetics Journal 2645-4831 6 2 2023 06 22 42 59 Elahe Aleebrahim-Dehkordi Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN) Mehdi Mohebalizadeh Urmia University of Medical Sciences Zahra Ganjirad Hamedan University of medical sciences Sara Torabi Tehran University of Medical Sciences Dariush Hooshyar Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences Amene Saghazadeh Tehran University of Medical Sciences 2023 03 09 2023 03 14 Patients with respiratory viral infections have altered immune responses, which may predispose them to cardiovascular complications. In the face of the pandemic of a new kind of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), there is a resurgence of interest in the early diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of patients who are at risk. COVID-19 often manifests as viral pneumonia, although extrapulmonary manifestations are also common. Acute cardiac damage associated with elevated high-sensitivity troponin levels crucially contributes to mortality in severe COVID-19. The present review clinically compares cardiovascular complications between COVID-19 and other respiratory infections caused by single-stranded RNA viruses, namely influenza, SARS, and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). Estimating the death rate from RVIs has been a subject of intense research, but the mortality from cardiovascular complications in these infections is less understood and calls for further research. https://igj.tums.ac.ir/index.php/igj/article/view/127 https://igj.tums.ac.ir/index.php/igj/article/download/127/120