Gastric Trichobezoar: An Iranian Case Report
Abstract
The most prevalent reason of trichobizoar diseases are hair pulling (trichotillomania) and hair eating (trichophagia). It occurs most often in women under 30, which associated with trichotillomania. Trichobiosis of the stomach is very rare. If diagnosed on time and treated successfully, it does not cause considerable complications. In this study, we report a case of a 10-years-old female with epigastric pains for 2 months. The patient underwent diagnostic endoscopy due to a palpable mass in her epigastrium revealing gastric trichobezoar for which, she underwent surgical intervention. Detailed history taken from her revealed the history of trichotillomania and trichophagia since 3 years of age.
1. Grant JE, Chamberlain SR. Trichotillomania. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2016;173(9):868-74.
2. Torales J, Ortiz BDM. A brief update on trichotillomania. Our Dermatology Online. 2016;7(4):465.
3. Arlington V, Association AP. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. American Psychiatric Association. 2013;5:612-3.
4. de Carvalho AY, Gomes CC, Chulam TC, Vartanian JG, Carvalho GB, Lira RB, et al. Risk Factors and Outcomes of Postoperative Neck Hematomas: An Analysis of 5,900 Thyroidectomies Performed at a Cancer Center. Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2021;25(3):e421-e7.
5. Christenson GA, Pyle RL, Mitchell JE. Estimated lifetime prevalence of trichotillomania in college students. J Clin Psychiatry. 1991;52(10):415-7.
6. Duke DC, Bodzin DK, Tavares P, Geffken GR, Storch EA. The phenomenology of hairpulling in a community sample. J Anxiety Disord. 2009;23(8):1118-25.
7. Ghisi M, Bottesi G, Sica C, Ouimet AJ, Sanavio E. Prevalence, phenomenology and diagnostic criteria of hair-pulling in an Italian non-clinical sample: a preliminary study. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders. 2013;2(1):22-9.
8. Grant JE, Dougherty DD, Chamberlain SR. Prevalence, gender correlates, and co-morbidity of trichotillomania. Psychiatry Res. 2020;288:112948.
9. Odlaug BL, Grant JE. Impulse-control disorders in a college sample: results from the self-administered Minnesota Impulse Disorders Interview (MIDI). Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry. 2010;12(2):27367.
10. França K, Kumar A, Castillo D, Jafferany M. Hyczy da Costa Neto M, Damevska K, et al. Trichotillomania (hair pulling disorder): clinical characteristics, psychosocial aspects, treatment approaches, and ethical considerations. Dermatol Ther. 2019;32(4):e12622.
11. Rapp JT, Miltenberger RG, Galensky TL, Ellingson SA, Long ES. A functional analysis of hair pulling. J Appl Behav Anal. 1999;32(3):329-37.
12. Henkel ED, Jaquez SD, Diaz LZ. Pediatric trichotillomania: Review of management. Pediatr Dermatol. 2019;36(6):803-7.
13. Grant JE, Odlaug BL. Clinical characteristics of trichotillomania with trichophagia. Compr Psychiatry. 2008;49(6):579-84.
14. Farhat LC, Olfson E, Nasir M, Levine JLS, Li F, Miguel EC, et al. Pharmacological and behavioral treatment for trichotillomania: An updated systematic review with meta-analysis. Depress Anxiety. 2020;37(8):715-27.
15. Bloch MH, Landeros-Weisenberger A, Dombrowski P, Kelmendi B, Wegner R, Nudel J, et al. Systematic review: pharmacological and behavioral treatment for trichotillomania. Biol Psychiatry. 2007;62(8):839-46.
16. McGuire JF, Ung D, Selles RR, Rahman O, Lewin AB, Murphy TK, et al. Treating trichotillomania: a meta-analysis of treatment effects and moderators for behavior therapy and serotonin reuptake inhibitors. J Psychiatr Res. 2014;58:76-83.
17. Woods DW, Houghton DC. Diagnosis, evaluation, and management of trichotillomania. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2014;37(3):301-17.
18. Swedo SE, Lenane MC, Leonard HL. Long-term treatment of trichotillomania (hair pulling). The New England journal of medicine. 1993;329(2):141-2.
19. Keijsers GP, van Minnen A, Hoogduin CA, Klaassen BN, Hendriks MJ, Tanis-Jacobs J. Behavioural treatment of trichotillomania: two-year follow-up results. Behav Res Ther. 2006;44(3):359-70.
20. Gaujoux S, Bach G, Au J, Godiris-Petit G, Munoz-Bongrand N, Cattan P, et al. Trichobezoar: A rare cause of bowel obstruction. World J Gastrointest Surg. 2011;3(4):54-5.
21. Aslam M, Ansari MA, Ahamad MN, Husain S, Kujur M. Surgical Treatment of Gastric Outlet Obstruction from a Large Gastroduodenal Trichobezoar: A Case Report. Journal of Surgery & Anesthesia Research SRC/JSAR-146 DOI: doi org/1047363/JSAR/2022 (3). 2022;139:2-.
22. Ahmad Z, Sharma A, Ahmed M, Vatti V. Trichobezoar Causing Gastric Perforation: A Case Report. Iran J Med Sci. 2016;41(1):67-70.
23. Erzurumlu K, Malazgirt Z, Bektas A, Dervisoglu A, Polat C, Senyurek G, et al. Gastrointestinal bezoars: a retrospective analysis of 34 cases. World J Gastroenterol. 2005;11(12):1813-7.
24. Levy RM, Komanduri S. Images in clinical medicine. Trichobezoar. The New England journal of medicine. 2007;357(21):e23.
25. Wang YT, Gou YW, Ye F, Liu YL, Hou GF, Ishrat I, et al. Endoscopic retrieval of a huge gastric trichobezoar using a polypectomy snare and an electrosurgical knife: A case report. J Dig Dis. 2022;23(1):54-6.
2. Torales J, Ortiz BDM. A brief update on trichotillomania. Our Dermatology Online. 2016;7(4):465.
3. Arlington V, Association AP. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. American Psychiatric Association. 2013;5:612-3.
4. de Carvalho AY, Gomes CC, Chulam TC, Vartanian JG, Carvalho GB, Lira RB, et al. Risk Factors and Outcomes of Postoperative Neck Hematomas: An Analysis of 5,900 Thyroidectomies Performed at a Cancer Center. Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2021;25(3):e421-e7.
5. Christenson GA, Pyle RL, Mitchell JE. Estimated lifetime prevalence of trichotillomania in college students. J Clin Psychiatry. 1991;52(10):415-7.
6. Duke DC, Bodzin DK, Tavares P, Geffken GR, Storch EA. The phenomenology of hairpulling in a community sample. J Anxiety Disord. 2009;23(8):1118-25.
7. Ghisi M, Bottesi G, Sica C, Ouimet AJ, Sanavio E. Prevalence, phenomenology and diagnostic criteria of hair-pulling in an Italian non-clinical sample: a preliminary study. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders. 2013;2(1):22-9.
8. Grant JE, Dougherty DD, Chamberlain SR. Prevalence, gender correlates, and co-morbidity of trichotillomania. Psychiatry Res. 2020;288:112948.
9. Odlaug BL, Grant JE. Impulse-control disorders in a college sample: results from the self-administered Minnesota Impulse Disorders Interview (MIDI). Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry. 2010;12(2):27367.
10. França K, Kumar A, Castillo D, Jafferany M. Hyczy da Costa Neto M, Damevska K, et al. Trichotillomania (hair pulling disorder): clinical characteristics, psychosocial aspects, treatment approaches, and ethical considerations. Dermatol Ther. 2019;32(4):e12622.
11. Rapp JT, Miltenberger RG, Galensky TL, Ellingson SA, Long ES. A functional analysis of hair pulling. J Appl Behav Anal. 1999;32(3):329-37.
12. Henkel ED, Jaquez SD, Diaz LZ. Pediatric trichotillomania: Review of management. Pediatr Dermatol. 2019;36(6):803-7.
13. Grant JE, Odlaug BL. Clinical characteristics of trichotillomania with trichophagia. Compr Psychiatry. 2008;49(6):579-84.
14. Farhat LC, Olfson E, Nasir M, Levine JLS, Li F, Miguel EC, et al. Pharmacological and behavioral treatment for trichotillomania: An updated systematic review with meta-analysis. Depress Anxiety. 2020;37(8):715-27.
15. Bloch MH, Landeros-Weisenberger A, Dombrowski P, Kelmendi B, Wegner R, Nudel J, et al. Systematic review: pharmacological and behavioral treatment for trichotillomania. Biol Psychiatry. 2007;62(8):839-46.
16. McGuire JF, Ung D, Selles RR, Rahman O, Lewin AB, Murphy TK, et al. Treating trichotillomania: a meta-analysis of treatment effects and moderators for behavior therapy and serotonin reuptake inhibitors. J Psychiatr Res. 2014;58:76-83.
17. Woods DW, Houghton DC. Diagnosis, evaluation, and management of trichotillomania. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2014;37(3):301-17.
18. Swedo SE, Lenane MC, Leonard HL. Long-term treatment of trichotillomania (hair pulling). The New England journal of medicine. 1993;329(2):141-2.
19. Keijsers GP, van Minnen A, Hoogduin CA, Klaassen BN, Hendriks MJ, Tanis-Jacobs J. Behavioural treatment of trichotillomania: two-year follow-up results. Behav Res Ther. 2006;44(3):359-70.
20. Gaujoux S, Bach G, Au J, Godiris-Petit G, Munoz-Bongrand N, Cattan P, et al. Trichobezoar: A rare cause of bowel obstruction. World J Gastrointest Surg. 2011;3(4):54-5.
21. Aslam M, Ansari MA, Ahamad MN, Husain S, Kujur M. Surgical Treatment of Gastric Outlet Obstruction from a Large Gastroduodenal Trichobezoar: A Case Report. Journal of Surgery & Anesthesia Research SRC/JSAR-146 DOI: doi org/1047363/JSAR/2022 (3). 2022;139:2-.
22. Ahmad Z, Sharma A, Ahmed M, Vatti V. Trichobezoar Causing Gastric Perforation: A Case Report. Iran J Med Sci. 2016;41(1):67-70.
23. Erzurumlu K, Malazgirt Z, Bektas A, Dervisoglu A, Polat C, Senyurek G, et al. Gastrointestinal bezoars: a retrospective analysis of 34 cases. World J Gastroenterol. 2005;11(12):1813-7.
24. Levy RM, Komanduri S. Images in clinical medicine. Trichobezoar. The New England journal of medicine. 2007;357(21):e23.
25. Wang YT, Gou YW, Ye F, Liu YL, Hou GF, Ishrat I, et al. Endoscopic retrieval of a huge gastric trichobezoar using a polypectomy snare and an electrosurgical knife: A case report. J Dig Dis. 2022;23(1):54-6.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 9, No 1 (2026) | |
| Section | Case Report | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/igj.v9i1.21883 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Children Trichotillomania Trichobizoar Trichophagia | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Imanzadeh F, Vahdat nia S. Gastric Trichobezoar: An Iranian Case Report. Immunol Genet J. 2026;9(1):21-25.
