Autoimmune Hepatitis-Like Liver Injury after COVID-19 Vaccination; Review of Molecular Underpinnings and Clinicopathologic Picture
Abstract
Mass vaccination against COVID-19 infection has been able to substantially alleviate the consequent mortalities and the spread of the disease. The paced design and administration of novel mRNA-based vaccines paved the way for the production against cancers and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Various side effects, lethal in some instances, are described for COVID-19 vaccines, including the instigation of incidence or relapse of autoimmune disorders, including autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). Molecular mimicry with the spike protein S1 and cross-reactions, adjuvants-induced autoimmune/autoinflammatory syndrome, epitope spreading, and bystander activation are among the molecular mechanisms that are hypothesized to mediate vaccine-induced autoimmunity. Pathological and serologic evaluations of patients with liver injury following COVID-19 vaccination have displayed that most cases can be categorized as probable or definite for the diagnosis of AIH. AIH and AIH-like liver injuries following COVID-19 vaccination are generally manageable with the administration of corticosteroids and other immunosuppressive therapies if required. Data on the safety of subsequent vaccination is scarce; however, vaccination during maintenance therapy with steroids seems safe. More importantly, the recognition of asymptomatic cases with altered liver aminotransferase levels necessitates the design of prospective cohorts to assess the long-term consequences of sub-clinical liver dysfunction induced by COVID-19 vaccines.
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| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 7, No 3 (2024) | |
| Section | Review Article | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/igj.v7i3.17883 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Autoimmune Hepatitis COVID-19 Hepatology SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination | ||
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Ghannadzadeh Kermani Pour R, Mahdavi Sharif P. Autoimmune Hepatitis-Like Liver Injury after COVID-19 Vaccination; Review of Molecular Underpinnings and Clinicopathologic Picture. Immunol Genet J. 2024;7(3):166-187.
