Epigenetic Regulation of T helper Cells Differentiation
Abstract
CD4+ T helper (Th) cells are part of the adaptive immune system, which are responsible for activating other immune cells, such as B cells, CD8+ T cells, macrophages, mast cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils. Differentiation of CD4+ T cells is under the impression of cytokines and stimulation of the T cell receptor by different antigens. The pattern of cytokine secretion can be altered under specific conditions from one cell line to another, indicating that Th cells have plasticity. In fact, active and master regulators collaborate with transcription factors like signal transducer and activator of transcriptions (STATs) in developing the differentiation process. The signals provided by cytokines activate specific transcription factors in each cell line. During this process, epigenetic modifications are actively involved. Epigenetics are defined as heritable alterations in the regulation of gene expression without any change in the DNA strand, and includes DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNAs. The plasticity of CD4+ T cell in differentiation to multiple subsets allows Th cells to exhibit the best immune response possible against the target microorganism. Failure to respond appropriately to multiple types of microorganisms can lead to disease. In this review we have collected recent advances in understanding the role of epigenetic regulatory mechanisms in differentiation of Th cells and, thereby, the commitment of CD4+ T cells to a particular lineage to raise an appropriate response against variety of microorganisms.
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| Issue | Vol 8, No 2 (2025); in press | |
| Section | Review Article | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/igj.v8i2.17999 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Epigenetics Cytokine Transcription Factor CD4 T cell T cell Differentiation | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Karimi Kakh M, Motallebnezhad M, Ghiasi P, Nazari F. Epigenetic Regulation of T helper Cells Differentiation. Immunol Genet J. 2025;8(2).
